Supplier
The supplier who has imported the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) into FINFO.
Link
Link to the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD).
Number of items
The number of different datasets linked to the specific Environmental Product Declaration (EPD).
Owner / Company
The company that owns the specific Environmental Product Declaration (EPD).
Valid until
The date on which the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) expires and is no longer valid. The validity period is typically around five years.
Model
The model name of the different datasets linked to the specific Environmental Product Declaration (EPD).
Product name
The name of the product linked to the specific Environmental Product Declaration (EPD).
Publisher
The company that has published the specific Environmental Product Declaration (EPD).
EPD-/Declaration number
The EPD number or declaration number is a unique identifier linked to a specific Environmental Product Declaration (EPD), enabling users to search for and verify that particular declaration.
EPD standard
The EPD standard EN 15804:2012 is a European standard that specifies the rules for developing Environmental Product Declarations for construction products. It provides a common methodology for assessing a product’s environmental impact throughout its entire life cycle.
The following standards are used for Environmental Product Declarations (EPD):
• EN 15804:2012+A1:2013
• EN 15804:2012+A2:2019
It is important to note that when working with EPDs for construction products, the latest version of the standard should be used (in this case, EN 15804:2012+A2:2019), as it contains the most recent updates and best practices. This version provides the most up-to-date framework to ensure that Environmental Product Declarations are reliable, comparable, and relevant.
Functional unit
The functional unit is a central concept used to quantify the functions provided by a product or service. It is a specific reference measure used in EPDs to ensure that the information is comparable and relevant.
Weight of functional unit (kg)
The weight of the functional unit, expressed in kilograms (kg), can be a relevant parameter in certain Environmental Product Declarations (EPD), depending on the nature of the product and the definition of the functional unit. This metric is often used to quantify the amount of material or product required to fulfil the defined function.
When weight is used in the functional unit, it is important that it is clearly defined and relevant to the product-specific functions, and that it is applied consistently in life cycle assessments to ensure comparability between different products or systems. Including the weight helps quantify resource use and environmental impacts related to the mass of material required to meet the functional requirements of the product or system.
Info about biogenic content
Indicates that information regarding biogenic carbon is included in the specific Environmental Product Declaration (EPD).
Comment
Comments are written by the operator who exports data from the Environmental Product Declaration (EPD) and are based on that data.
The following standard comments are used:
• Calculated value, should be considered indicative. Actual value needs to be calculated by the developer.
• Missing relevant values for climate declaration.
• Climate calculation not possible as the EPD is EN 15804:2012+A1:2013.
• Cannot be used for climate declaration; biogenic carbon is included in the values.
• Worst-case product reported; large difference in weight between products.
• Not issued by a programme operator, and therefore not valid.
• Generic EPD for multiple products; see table in the EPD.
• Missing declared weight of the functional unit.
• Values calculated from the EPD.
GWP-GHG
Global Warming Potential based on greenhouse gases (GWP-GHG).
A1 GWP - GHG
The A1 stage usually refers to the first phase of a product’s life cycle. In the context of construction products, this typically covers the extraction and processing of raw materials. It includes activities such as mining, forestry, transport of raw materials to the factory, and the processes used to convert these raw materials into finished products.
In A1 GWP – GHG, the metric represents how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere over a specified period during the product’s life cycle, expressed as Global Warming Potential for greenhouse gases (GWP-GHG), for this specific life cycle stage.
A2 GWP - GHG
The A2 stage generally refers to the transport of raw materials to the manufacturing site after they have been extracted or produced. This phase covers the environmental impacts associated with the transport of these raw materials, including the energy used for transportation and the emissions generated during the transport process. This stage is significant because the mode of transport (e.g. truck, ship, train), the distance travelled, and the type of fuel used can all have a substantial impact on GHG emissions.
In A2 GWP – GHG, the metric represents how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere over a specified period during the product’s life cycle, expressed as Global Warming Potential for greenhouse gases (GWP-GHG), for this specific life cycle stage.
A3 GWP - GHG
The A3 stage covers the manufacturing of the product. It includes all processes and energy used to transform raw materials into the final product, such as processing, assembly, and refinement. This stage is important because manufacturing processes often require significant amounts of energy and can result in substantial greenhouse gas emissions. Assessing the A3 stage is essential to understanding the overall environmental impact of a product’s manufacturing process.
In A3 GWP – GHG, the metric represents how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere over a specified period during the product’s life cycle, expressed as Global Warming Potential for greenhouse gases (GWP-GHG), for this specific life cycle stage.
A1-A3 GWP - GHG
In an EPD, the Global Warming Potential (GWP) of products is typically reported as kilograms of CO₂ equivalent (kg CO₂e) for each life cycle stage. For the stages A1–A3 GWP – GHG, this means accounting for all greenhouse gas emissions from raw material extraction (A1), transport to the manufacturing site (A2), and the manufacturing process itself (A3). These values are then converted into a common unit based on each gas’s GWP value, while excluding the separate GHG indicator value.
A4 GWP - GHG
The A4 stage covers the transport of the finished product from the manufacturing site to its final destination or to the construction site. This includes all logistics and distribution required to deliver the product to the customer or point of use. This stage is significant because the type of transport (e.g. truck, ship, train), the transport distance, and the type of fuel used can have a substantial impact on GHG emissions. Assessing the A4 stage provides an understanding of the environmental impact associated with the distribution of products.
In A4 GWP – GHG, the metric represents how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere over a specified period during the product’s life cycle, expressed as Global Warming Potential for greenhouse gases (GWP-GHG), for this specific life cycle stage.
A5 GWP - GHG
The A5 stage covers the installation or construction of the product at the location where it will be used. This includes all activities related to installing, assembling, or constructing the product, such as energy use and emissions associated with construction sites, machinery, and tools. This stage is important because it includes the direct environmental impacts linked to bringing the product into operation. Depending on the nature of the product and the installation process, this can result in varying levels of energy use and GHG emissions.
In A5 GWP – GHG, the metric represents how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere over a specified period during the product’s life cycle, expressed as Global Warming Potential for greenhouse gases (GWP-GHG), for this specific life cycle stage.
B1 GWP - GHG
The B1 stage covers the actual use of the product in operation, i.e. the direct environmental impact that may occur when the product is used as intended. For many construction products, this stage may be very small or negligible (e.g. a concrete wall), while for technical systems or energy-intensive products it can have a significant climate impact.
In B1 GWP – GHG, the metric reports the greenhouse gas emissions during the use phase, expressed as Global Warming Potential (GWP).
B2 GWP - GHG
The B2 stage covers the maintenance of the product during its service life. This includes activities such as cleaning, repairs, replacement of parts, or other interventions required to maintain the product’s function. The environmental impact in this phase depends on the resources, materials, and amount of energy required for maintenance.
In B2 GWP – GHG, the metric represents how much heat a greenhouse gas traps in the atmosphere over a specified period for this life cycle phase.
B3 GWP - GHG
The B3 stage covers the repair of the product. This includes materials, spare parts, energy, and transport required to restore the product’s function after damage or wear.
In B3 GWP – GHG, the climate impact of these repair activities is reported.
B4 GWP - GHG
The B4 stage refers to the replacement of the entire product or parts of it during its use phase. Climate impact arises from the manufacturing, transport, and installation of the replacement parts or product.
In B4 GWP – GHG, the emissions from this stage are reported.
B5 GWP - GHG
The B5 stage refers to refurbishment, i.e. major interventions such as upgrades or modifications of the product. This phase can involve higher resource and energy use than simpler maintenance or repair.
In B5 GWP – GHG, the greenhouse gas emissions arising from such refurbishment activities are reported.
B6 GWP - GHG
The B6 stage covers energy use during the product’s use phase. This is often a central part of the climate impact for products that require energy to operate (e.g. buildings or technical equipment).
In B6 GWP – GHG, the emissions associated with energy consumption are reported.
B7 GWP - GHG
The B7 stage refers to water use during the product’s lifetime. This includes both direct water consumption and indirect effects from water supply.
In B7 GWP – GHG, the climate impact from water use is reported.
B1 - B7 GWP - GHG
Summarises the climate impact for all use-stage phases (B1–B7 GWP – GHG).
B1 - B5 GWP - GHG
Summarises the climate impact for the phases B1–B5 GWP – GHG.
B1 - B3 & B5 -B7 GWP - GHG
Summarises the climate impact for the phases B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, and B7 GWP – GHG.
C1 GWP - GHG
The C1 stage covers the deconstruction and demolition of the product. This includes energy use and emissions from machinery and processes used to remove the product from service.
In C1 GWP – GHG, these emissions are reported.
C2 GWP - GHG
The C2 stage covers the transport of the product or its parts to a waste treatment or recycling facility. The environmental impact is similar to A4, but occurs at the end of the product’s life cycle.
In C2 GWP – GHG, these emissions are reported.
C3 GWP - GHG
The C3 stage covers waste processing such as recycling or reuse. The climate impact varies depending on the processes and technologies used.
In C3 GWP – GHG, these emissions are reported.
C4 GWP - GHG
The C4 stage covers final disposal of materials that cannot be recycled. This may include emissions from incineration or landfilling.
In C4 GWP – GHG, these emissions are reported.
C1 - C4 GWP - GHG
Summarises all GWP – GHG values for the C stages, i.e. deconstruction/demolition, transport, waste processing, and final disposal. The total provides an overall picture of the end-of-life climate impact.
D GWP - GHG
The D stage represents potential benefits or burdens from reuse, recycling, or energy recovery of materials after the product’s life cycle. These effects lie outside the system boundary but are included to provide a more complete picture of the environmental impact.
In D GWP – GHG, this climate impact is reported.
GWP
Global Warming Potential (GWP)
A1-A3 GWP total
To calculate the total GWP for the A1–A3 stages, the individual GWP values (expressed as kg CO₂ equivalents, CO₂e) for each of these stages are summed. This provides an overall picture of the direct environmental impact associated with producing the product, from raw materials to the finished product. In this value, the fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related GWP for A1–A3 are aggregated. This is done without considering the separate GHG indicator.
A1-A3 GWP fossil
To determine the total Global Warming Potential (GWP) for the A1–A3 stages, the individual GWP values for each stage, expressed in CO₂ equivalents (CO₂e), are aggregated. The resulting figure provides a comprehensive view of the direct environmental impact associated with the product’s manufacturing process, from the raw material phase to the final product. In this calculation, the GWP values related to fossil emissions for A1–A3 are included. The value is based on fossil-related emissions for the A1–A3 stages and is calculated without directly including the separate GHG indicator.
A1-A3 GWP biogenic
A1–A3 GWP biogenic provides a detailed view of the share of a product’s climate impact that is directly linked to biological processes or biobased materials during the initial stages of its life cycle. This helps to provide a more nuanced understanding of the environmental impact of products and is particularly relevant for products where biobased materials represent a significant share of the raw materials. The value is based on biogenic emissions for the A1–A3 stages and is calculated without considering the separate GHG indicator.
A1-A3 GWP luluc
A1–A3 GWP LULUC refers to the share of Global Warming Potential (GWP) that is related to land use change, forestry, and other land use categories during the initial stages of a product’s life cycle, i.e. from raw material extraction (A1) to manufacturing of the product (A3). The value is based on LULUC-related emissions for the A1–A3 stages and is calculated without considering the separate GHG indicator.
A4 GWP total
To calculate the total GWP for the A4 stage, all sources of greenhouse gas emissions during the transport phase are taken into account. This may include direct combustion of fossil fuels in transport vehicles as well as indirect emissions associated with the production of the fuels used. In this value, the fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related GWP for A4 are summed. This is calculated without considering the separate GHG indicator.
A4 GWP fossil
A4 GWP fossil refers to the share of Global Warming Potential (GWP) that is related to the use of fossil fuels during the A4 stage, i.e. during the transport of the finished product from the manufacturing site to its final destination or construction site. The value is based on fossil-related emissions for the A4 stage and is calculated without considering the separate GHG indicator.
A4 GWP biogenic
A4 GWP biogenic refers to the share of Global Warming Potential (GWP) that is related to biogenic sources during the A4 stage, i.e. during the transport of the finished product from the manufacturing site to its final destination or construction site. GWP biogenic covers greenhouse gas emissions originating from biological sources during the transport process. This may include CO₂, methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) released through the combustion of biofuels (e.g. biodiesel or ethanol). The value is based on biogenic emissions for the A4 stage and is calculated without considering the separate GHG indicator.
A4 GWP luluc
LULUC-related GWP calculations are typically not carried out for the A4 stage, as this stage primarily concerns transport and does not directly involve land use, land use change, or forestry. LULUC is most relevant for production stages where land use is a factor, such as raw material extraction (A1) or where raw materials are grown or harvested. In certain specific cases, if the transport of the product involves significant land use changes or has a substantial impact on forest areas, there may be reasons to consider LULUC factors also for the A4 stage. The value is then based on LULUC-related emissions for A4 and is calculated without considering the separate GHG indicator.
A5 GWP total
The A5 stage includes all environmental impacts associated with the installation or construction of the product at the place of use. This includes energy use and emissions from machinery and tools used during the installation process. To calculate the total GWP for the A5 stage, all sources of greenhouse gas emissions during the installation or construction phase are taken into account. This may include direct combustion of fossil fuels in machinery and equipment, as well as indirect emissions associated with the production and transport of materials and equipment used in this stage. GWP values are typically expressed as kilograms of CO₂ equivalents (kg CO₂e) to provide a standardised indicator of global warming potential. In this value, the fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related GWP for A5 are aggregated. This is calculated without considering the separate GHG indicator.
A5 GWP fossil
A5 GWP fossil refers to the share of Global Warming Potential (GWP) that is related to the use of fossil fuels during the A5 stage, i.e. the installation or construction phase of the product at the place of use. GWP fossil covers greenhouse gas emissions originating from the combustion of fossil fuels during the installation process. This may include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) released when fossil fuels are used in machinery and equipment to install or construct the product. The value is based on fossil-related emissions for the A5 stage and is calculated without considering the separate GHG indicator.
A5 GWP biogenic
A5 GWP biogenic refers to the share of Global Warming Potential (GWP) that is related to biogenic sources during the A5 stage, i.e. the installation or construction phase of the product at the place of use. GWP biogenic covers greenhouse gas emissions originating from biological sources during installation or construction. This may include CO₂, methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O) released through processes such as the combustion of biofuels (for example biodiesel or bioethanol) used in machinery and equipment. The value is based on biogenic emissions for the A5 stage and is calculated without considering the separate GHG indicator.
A5 GWP luluc
LULUC-related GWP calculations are typically not carried out for the A5 stage, as this stage primarily concerns installation or construction and does not directly involve land use, land use change, or forestry. LULUC is most relevant for production stages where land use is a factor, such as raw material extraction (A1) or where raw materials are grown or harvested. In certain specific cases, if installation or construction activities involve significant changes in land use or have a substantial impact on forest areas, there may be reasons to consider LULUC factors also for the A5 stage, but this is not standard practice. The value is then based on LULUC-related emissions for A5 and is calculated without considering the separate GHG indicator.
B1 GWP total
B1 GWP total refers to the total Global Warming Potential (GWP) arising during the use phase (B1) of a product. This phase covers the direct environmental impact from the actual use of the product, such as operation, function, or exposure, depending on the product type. For some construction products, the B1 phase may be marginal or negligible (e.g. passive materials such as concrete walls), while for technical systems or energy-intensive products it can be more significant.
The value includes emissions from fossil, biogenic, and land use–related sources (LULUC). B1 GWP total is used to provide an overall view of the climate impact from this phase of the product’s life cycle.
B1 GWP fossil
B1 GWP fossil refers to the share of Global Warming Potential (GWP) that arises from fossil fuels and fossil-based processes during the use phase (B1). This may include emissions resulting from energy or material use associated with the operation or use of the product. Relevant greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O), released through combustion or degradation of fossil resources.
The value is based on fossil sources in the B1 phase and is reported without including other greenhouse gas categories (GHG).
B1 GWP biogenic
B1 GWP biogenic represents the share of GWP associated with biogenic materials and processes during the use phase (B1). This may include greenhouse gas emissions that occur during the use or degradation of biobased raw materials, such as wood or other organic materials. Although biogenic emissions are often considered part of the natural carbon cycle, they are included here to provide a complete account of the climate impact.
The value is based on biogenic sources in the B1 phase and is reported separately from fossil and LULUC.
B1 GWP luluc
B1 GWP LULUC (Land Use, Land Use Change) refers to the share of GWP associated with land use and land use change during the B1 phase. This may apply to products that, during use, are linked to raw materials from agriculture or forestry, where the carbon balance of the land is affected. For some construction products this may be limited, but for biobased materials it can be more significant.
The value is based on LULUC-related sources in the B1 phase and excludes other greenhouse gas categories.
B2 GWP total
B2 GWP total refers to the total Global Warming Potential (GWP) associated with the maintenance of the product during its use phase. This may include activities such as cleaning, painting, lubrication, or minor interventions required to maintain the product’s function and service life. The environmental impact varies depending on the frequency of maintenance, resource use, and energy consumption.
The value sums fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related emissions to provide an overall picture of the climate impact in this phase.
B2 GWP fossil
B2 GWP fossil covers greenhouse gas emissions originating from fossil resources during maintenance activities. This may include energy from fossil fuels used for machinery or transport, as well as materials produced from fossil sources. Relevant emissions include carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and nitrous oxide (N₂O).
The value is based on fossil sources in the B2 phase and excludes other emission categories.
B2 GWP biogenic
B2 GWP biogenic refers to emissions from biogenic resources used in the maintenance of the product. Examples include biofuels for machinery, or biobased materials used during maintenance. Biogenic emissions released from the use of biological materials are also included.
The value is specifically linked to biogenic sources in the B2 phase.
B2 GWP luluc
B2 GWP LULUC represents emissions associated with land use and land use change related to maintenance materials. This may be relevant when maintenance materials come from agriculture or forestry, where soil and biomass carbon balances are affected.
The value is based on LULUC-related factors in the B2 phase.
B3 GWP total
B3 GWP total refers to the total Global Warming Potential (GWP) arising from repair of the product during its use phase. This includes energy, materials, and transport needed to restore the product’s function after damage or wear. The environmental impact varies depending on the scope and frequency of repair.
The value includes fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related emissions.
B3 GWP fossil
B3 GWP fossil represents greenhouse gas emissions associated with the use of fossil resources during product repair. Examples include energy from fossil fuels used for machinery, transport, or materials produced from fossil raw materials. Emissions include CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O.
The value is based on fossil sources in the B3 phase.
B3 GWP biogenic
B3 GWP biogenic refers to emissions from biogenic materials and processes used during repair. This can include the use of biobased spare parts or biofuels. These emissions are reported separately, as their climate impact patterns differ from fossil sources.
The value is based on biogenic sources in the B3 phase.
B3 GWP luluc
B3 GWP LULUC refers to emissions from land use and land use change (LULUC) related to repair. This may be relevant if repair materials come from forestry or agriculture. In this way, the indirect climate impact associated with land use change is also captured.
The value is based on LULUC sources in the B3 phase.
B4 GWP total
B4 GWP total refers to the total Global Warming Potential (GWP) arising from the replacement of the product or its parts during the use phase. This includes manufacturing, transport, and installation of replacement products or spare parts.
The value sums fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related emissions and provides an overall picture of the climate impact associated with replacement.
B4 GWP fossil
B4 GWP fossil refers to emissions from fossil sources arising in connection with replacement. This may involve energy from fossil fuels used in production or transport, as well as materials produced from fossil raw materials. Emissions include CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O.
The value is based on fossil sources in the B4 phase.
B4 GWP biogenic
B4 GWP biogenic covers emissions associated with biogenic resources, such as the use of biobased materials or biofuels in the production of replacement parts. Emissions are separated from fossil ones to give a clearer picture of the impact of biogenic processes.
The value is based on biogenic sources in the B4 phase.
B4 GWP luluc
B4 GWP LULUC refers to climate impact from land use and land use change in connection with replacement materials originating from forestry or agriculture. This value captures the indirect impact that land use changes can entail.
The value is based on LULUC-related factors in the B4 phase.
B5 GWP total
B5 GWP total reports the total Global Warming Potential (GWP) arising from refurbishment or major renovation activities. This phase may involve extensive resource use and high energy consumption, which often results in a significant climate impact.
The value includes fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related emissions.
B5 GWP fossil
B5 GWP fossil refers to emissions originating from fossil sources during the refurbishment phase. This may involve energy used on construction sites, transport, and material production. Emissions include CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O.
The value is based on fossil sources in the B5 phase.
B5 GWP biogenic
B5 GWP biogenic refers to emissions associated with the use of biogenic resources during refurbishment, such as wood-based materials or biofuels used for energy.
The value is based on biogenic sources in the B5 phase.
B5 GWP luluc
B5 GWP LULUC refers to climate impact from land use and land use change associated with biobased materials used in refurbishment. This can include effects from forestry or agriculture.
The value is based on LULUC in the B5 phase.
B6 GWP total
B6 GWP total refers to the total Global Warming Potential (GWP) arising from energy use during the operation of the product. This is often the most significant phase for products or systems that require energy during their service life.
The value sums fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related emissions.
B6 GWP fossil
B6 GWP fossil covers emissions from fossil energy sources, such as electricity generation based on coal, oil, or natural gas. Emissions consist mainly of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O.
The value is based on fossil sources in the B6 phase.
B6 GWP biogenic
B6 GWP biogenic reports emissions from biogenic energy sources used in operation, such as biofuels or biomass. Emissions of CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O are included here as well, but originate from renewable sources.
The value is based on biogenic sources in the B6 phase.
B6 GWP luluc
B6 GWP LULUC refers to climate impact from land use associated with energy production from biobased sources. This may, for example, concern biomass from forestry or agriculture.
The value is based on LULUC in the B6 phase.
B7 GWP total
B7 GWP total refers to the total Global Warming Potential (GWP) arising from water use during the product’s life cycle. This includes both direct water consumption and indirect effects from water supply.
The value sums fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related emissions.
B7 GWP fossil
B7 GWP fossil covers emissions from fossil sources used for water supply, for example energy use for pumping and distribution.
The value is based on fossil sources in the B7 phase.
B7 GWP biogenic
B7 GWP biogenic refers to emissions from biogenic resources linked to water supply. This may concern biofuels or other biobased energy sources used in the process.
The value is based on biogenic sources in the B7 phase.
B7 GWP luluc
B7 GWP LULUC refers to climate impact from land use associated with biobased resources used for water supply.
The value is based on LULUC in the B7 phase.
B1–B7 GWP total
B1–B7 GWP total refers to the total Global Warming Potential (GWP) for all use-stage phases of a product, from direct use (B1) to water use (B7). By summing all these phases, an overall picture is provided of the climate impact arising during the product’s use phase.
The value includes emissions from fossil, biogenic, and land use–related sources (LULUC).
B1–B7 GWP fossil
B1–B7 GWP fossil represents the share of climate impact arising from fossil fuels and processes across all use-stage phases. This may concern emissions from energy, transport, or materials used during the product’s use phase. Emissions include CO₂, CH₄, and N₂O.
B1–B7 GWP biogenic
B1–B7 GWP biogenic refers to emissions from biogenic materials and energy sources across all use-stage phases. This may include wood-based materials, biofuels, or other uses of biological resources.
B1–B7 GWP luluc
B1–B7 GWP LULUC reports emissions associated with land use and land use change during the use-stage phases. This is particularly relevant for biobased materials used in the product during operation.
B1–B5 GWP total
B1–B5 GWP total covers the total climate impact from use-stage phases B1 to B5 (use, maintenance, repair, replacement, and refurbishment). These phases represent the most common activities during a product’s life and significantly influence its environmental footprint.
The total value includes fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related emissions.
B1–B5 GWP fossil
B1–B5 GWP fossil refers to emissions from fossil resources used in these phases. This includes energy, materials, and transport based on fossil fuels.
B1–B5 GWP biogenic
B1–B5 GWP biogenic covers emissions from biogenic materials and processes in these phases. This may involve biofuels or biological materials used in maintenance, repair, or refurbishment.
B1–B5 GWP luluc
B1–B5 GWP LULUC reports climate impact from land use and land use change associated with biobased materials used in these phases.
B1-B3 & B5-B7 GWP total
B1–B3 & B5–B7 GWP total refers to the combined climate impact from the selected phases: use (B1), repair (B3), refurbishment (B5), and water use (B7). This combination reflects specific parts of the use stage that may be particularly relevant for environmental assessments.
The total value includes fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related emissions.
B1-B3 & B5-B7 GWP fossil
B1–B3 & B5–B7 GWP fossil covers emissions from fossil sources associated with these phases. This includes energy use, transport, and material production of fossil origin.
B1-B3 & B5-B7 GWP biogenic
B1–B3 & B5–B7 GWP biogenic refers to emissions from biogenic resources, such as wood or biofuels, used in any of the selected phases.
B1-B3 & B5-B7 GWP luluc
B1–B3 & B5–B7 GWP LULUC reports climate impact from land use and land use change related to biobased materials used in these phases.
C1 GWP total
C1 GWP total covers emissions from the deconstruction and demolition of the product at end of life. This includes machinery, tools, and associated energy use.
The value sums fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related emissions.
C1 GWP fossil
C1 GWP fossil refers to emissions from fossil sources associated with demolition activities, for example fuel used for machinery.
The value is based on fossil sources in the C1 stage.
C1 GWP biogenic
C1 GWP biogenic covers emissions from biogenic resources used during deconstruction and demolition.
The value is based on biogenic sources in the C1 stage.
C1 GWP luluc
C1 GWP LULUC refers to emissions from land use and land use change related to resources used in demolition activities.
The value is based on LULUC in the C1 stage.
C2 GWP total
C2 GWP total refers to the total climate impact from the transport of products and materials to waste treatment or recycling facilities.
The value sums fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related emissions.
C2 GWP fossil
C2 GWP fossil covers emissions from fossil fuels used in transport modes such as trucks, ships, or trains.
The value is based on fossil sources in the C2 stage.
C2 GWP biogenic
C2 GWP biogenic refers to emissions from biofuels or other biogenic energy sources used in transport.
The value is based on biogenic sources in the C2 stage.
C2 GWP luluc
C2 GWP LULUC refers to emissions associated with land use in connection with transport-related resources originating from agriculture or forestry.
The value is based on LULUC in the C2 stage.
C3 GWP total
C3 GWP total covers the Global Warming Potential (GWP) arising from waste processing, including reuse, recycling, and other treatment operations.
The value sums fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related emissions.
C3 GWP fossil
C3 GWP fossil refers to emissions from fossil sources during waste treatment, for example energy use or fuels.
The value is based on fossil sources in the C3 stage.
C3 GWP biogenic
C3 GWP biogenic covers emissions from biogenic resources during waste treatment processes.
The value is based on biogenic sources in the C3 stage.
C3 GWP luluc
C3 GWP LULUC refers to climate impact from land use and land use change associated with waste treatment.
The value is based on LULUC in the C3 stage.
C4 GWP total
C4 GWP total covers emissions from final waste disposal such as landfilling or incineration of materials that cannot be recycled.
The value sums fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related emissions.
C4 GWP fossil
C4 GWP fossil refers to emissions from fossil sources during final disposal, such as landfilling or incineration.
The value is based on fossil sources in the C4 stage.
C4 GWP biogenic
C4 GWP biogenic refers to emissions from biogenic materials that are landfilled or incinerated.
The value is based on biogenic sources in the C4 stage.
C4 GWP luluc
C4 GWP LULUC refers to climate impact from land use and land use change associated with materials at end of life.
The value is based on LULUC in the C4 stage.
C1–C4 GWP total
C1–C4 GWP total refers to the total Global Warming Potential (GWP) from the product’s end-of-life stage: deconstruction (C1), transport (C2), waste processing (C3), and final disposal (C4). The value provides an overall picture of the climate impact in the end-of-life phase.
The total includes fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related emissions.
C1–C4 GWP fossil
C1–C4 GWP fossil represents emissions from fossil sources across the entire end-of-life stage. Examples include fuel for demolition machinery, transport using fossil fuels, or incineration of fossil-based materials.
C1–C4 GWP biogenic
C1–C4 GWP biogenic refers to emissions from biogenic materials and processes in the end-of-life stage. Examples include incineration of biobased materials or the use of biofuels in waste treatment.
C1–C4 GWP luluc
C1–C4 GWP LULUC reports emissions associated with land use and land use change related to biobased resources in the end-of-life stage.
D GWP total
D GWP total covers potential climate-related benefits or burdens that occur outside the system boundary, for example through reuse, recycling, or energy recovery of materials after the product’s life cycle.
The value sums fossil, biogenic, and LULUC-related contributions.
D GWP fossil
D GWP fossil refers to emissions or savings associated with fossil sources in connection with reuse, recycling, or energy recovery.
D GWP biogenic
D GWP biogenic refers to emissions or savings from biogenic sources outside the system boundary.
D GWP luluc
D GWP LULUC refers to climate impact from land use and land use change associated with reuse, recycling, or energy recovery of biobased materials.